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hardwarerelated:raspberry_pi_4 [2019/09/19 00:43]
chris [using 2.9“ 296×128 ePaper Display Modue/SPI Interface] 		hardwarerelated:raspberry_pi_4 [2020/06/01 13:29] (current)
chris [Which OS to run?]
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-==== sensors/addon list ==== +===== Which OS to run? ===== 
-  * Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply 5,1V / 3,0A, EU +  * **Raspbian** 
-  * Micro HDMI Adaptercable D-Stecker -A-Buchse 15cm schwarz +    * is easiest to setup, and most widely used 
-  * 4 teiliges Kühlkörper Set für Raspberry Pi 4, silber ([[https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07VFYHCJZ|amazon]]) +    * [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=117&t=275370|Raspberry Pi OS (64 bit) beta test version]] 
-  * Raspberry Pi 4 B, 2GB RAM +  * **Fedora32** 
-  * HC-SR501 PIR Sensor -Infrarot Bewegungsmelder [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/hc-sr501-pir-sensor-infrarot-bewegungsmelder|link]] +    * [[/software/fedora/fedora32_on_raspi4|Howto setup Fedora32 or Fed33/rawhide (native Fedora kernel)]] 
-  * Feuchtigkeitssensor mit digitalem und analogem Ausgang [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/feuchtigkeitssensor-mit-digitalem-und-analogem-ausgang|link]] +    * [[/software/fedora/fedora32_on_raspi4_dualboot|Howto setup RaspiOS/Fedora32 dualboot]] 
-  * Lichtsensor mit digitalem Ausgang [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/lichtsensor-mit-digitalem-ausgang|link]] +    * [[/software/fedora/fedora32_on_raspi4_plain|Howto setup Fedora32 (RaspiOS kernel, Fedora userland]] 
-  * RFID Lesegerät mit SPI Schnittstelle inkl. Karte & Dongle ([[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/rfid-leseger-228-t-mit-spi-schnittstelle-inkl.-karte-dongle|link]]) +    * [[https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/ARM/Raspberry_Pi#Raspberry_Pi_4|official Fedora/pi4 status]] 
-  * PCF8591 AD/ DA Konverter Modul [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/pcf8591-ad/da-konverter-modul|link]] +    * [[https://medium.com/ironhaul/installing-64-bit-fedora-on-the-raspberry-pi-4-d4a665ea65d3|creating a Fedora32 image for raspi4, Ansible playbook based]] 
-  * 2.9" 296×128 ePaper Display Modul mit SPI Interface, dreifarbig (rot, schwarz, weiß) [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/2.9-296-215-128-epaper-display-modul-mit-spi-interface-dreifarbig-40-rot-schwarz-wei-223-4|link]] [[https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/2.9inch_e-Paper_Module|docs]]+  * **Centos** images exist 
 +    * [[https://people.centos.org/pgreco/CentOS-Userland-7-aarch64-RaspberryPI-Minimal-4-1908/|Centos 7 userland 4raspi4 image]] [[https://people.centos.org/pgreco/CentOS-Userland-8-stream-aarch64-RaspberryPI-Minimal-4/|Centos 8 userland 4raspi4 image]] 
 +    * [[https://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/AltArch/armhfp?action=show&redirect=SpecialInterestGroup%2FAltArch%2FArm32|setup details 1]], [[https://forums.centos.org/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=71407|setup details 2]] 
 +  * **Debian** 
 +    * [[https://david.wragg.org/blog/2020/01/installing-64-bit-debian-on-rpi.html|Installing 64-bit Debian/Raspbian dualboot]] on a Raspberry Pi 4. 
 +    * Images can boot with kernel 5.5 and 5.6 
 +    * https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi4 -- Debian status 
 +  * **Android** 
 +    * [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=73&t=261228|Android]] - it's flagged "for devs"
  
-==== first steps after booting ====+You can also put multiple OS's on one card, for example RaspiOS/Fedora32/Debian all together. 
 +===== Links ===== 
 +  * [[/software/benchmark/raspberry_pi_4|Some pi4 benchmarks]] 
 +  * Building a HDMI signal grabber with the raspi would be nice 
 +    * Toshiba TC358743 based addon boards for the raspi are available, there is Linux support.  
 +    * [[https://mzyy94.com/blog/2020/04/10/raspberrypi-hdmi-input/|Project idea (Japanese)]], [[https://world.taobao.com/item/602390051699.htm|the board I ordered]] 
 +  * How to [[https://www.hardill.me.uk/wordpress/2019/11/02/pi4-usb-c-gadget/#|run power/ethernet over a sincle usb-c cable to the raspi4]] 
 +  * [[https://www.suse.com/media/article/UEFI_on_Top_of_U-Boot.pdf|Doc from Andreas Färber, Alexander Graf, on what SuSE is doing regarding raspi4 boot]] 
 + 
 +===== It feels slow! ===== 
 +How to distinguish which resource is under pressure? Measure. 'iostat' can show I/O load, vmstat/htop load on CPU. 
 + 
 +  * **CPU:** 
 +    * Buy good case/cooler 
 +    * consider overclocking 
 +    * 32bit or 64bit kernel? Depends on your application. Some results are [[https://github.com/ThomasKaiser/sbc-bench/blob/master/Results.md|better on the 32bit kernel]]. 
 +  * **Network:** 
 +    * Verify gbit mode is properly set, with ethtool 
 +  * **I/O:** My first 'its slow' impression was from 'dnf -y update' updating 120 packages in ~40 minutes. CPUs not loaded, but storage was the issue: sdcards are optimized for big sequential load, not small random access. [[/software/benchmark/sdcards|Here]] are details. Just using a different sdcard, this went to 15minutes. Approaches to fix: 
 +    * Move the partition to USB3 connected devices (but USB flash can be as slow as sdcards. SSD are an option.) 
 +    * Move the part where I/O is done to NFS via ethernet, for example if kernel compilation is causing the load these directories can be moved. 
 +    * Buy sdcards doing well with random 4k access. 
 + 
 +Measuring size of your I/O requests:
 <code> <code>
-# ssh pi@<ip>+# https://github.com/iovisor/bcc 
 +dnf -y install bcc 
 +/usr/share/bcc/tools/bitesize' 
 + 
 +# Then perform your I/O intensive operation, for example: 
 +dnf -y update 
 + 
 +# Evaluation of my I/O for 'dnf update', computed over all processes: 
 +         0 -> 1          : 2487         (7%) 
 +         2 -> 3          : 2327         (6%) 
 +         4 -> 7          : 19501        (54%) 
 +         8 -> 15         : 4443         (12%) 
 +        16 -> 31         : 3687         (10%) 
 +        32 -> 63         : 1979         (5%) 
 +        64 -> 127        : 371          (1%) 
 +       128 -> 255        : 223          (1%) 
 +       256 -> 511        : 514          (1%) 
 +       512 -> 1023       : 327          (1%) 
 +      1024 -> 2047       : 497          (1%) 
 +=> So when looking at benchmarks, 4k random access is most interesting 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +===== Raspbian cheatsheet ===== 
 +<code> 
 +### Installation, with sdcard in /dev/mmcblk0 
 +dd bs=4M if=2020-05-27-raspios-buster-lite-armhf.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 conv=fsync 
 +mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/tmp 
 +touch /mnt/tmp/SSH 
 +umount /mnt/tmp 
 + 
 +# Put the card into the raspi, boot it 
 +nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24 # find out IP 
 +# ssh <ip> / user pi / password raspberry
  
-useradd -m chris +cat >>~/.bashrc<<EOT 
-passwd chris+# extend prompt to have temperature 
 +export PS1='[\u@\h \$(cut -b 1,2 /sys/devices/virtual/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp)°C \W]\$ ' 
 +# colored iostat output 
 +export S_COLORS=always 
 +alias ll='ls -al' 
 +export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8 
 +EOT
  
-sudo su - +# I like gkrellm 
-echo "alias ll='ls -al'" >>/etc/bash.bashrc +apt install  gkrellmd 
-echo "alias su='sudo su -'" >>/etc/bash.bashrc+echo 'allow-host 192.168.0.2' >>/etc/gkrellmd.conf  
 +systemctl enable gkrellmd 
 +systemctl restart gkrellmd
  
 ### check cpu temperature ### check cpu temperature
Line 41: Line 112:
 ### temperature in prompt ### temperature in prompt
 $ export PS1='\u@\h:'`vcgencmd measure_temp|cut -b 6,7`'°C:\w\$ ' $ export PS1='\u@\h:'`vcgencmd measure_temp|cut -b 6,7`'°C:\w\$ '
 +
 +### firmware update
 +apt update 
 +apt upgrade
 +apt install rpi-eeprom 
 +rpi-eeprom-update
 +
 +# If you want to try kernel 5.4
 +BRANCH=master rpi-update
 +# BRANCH=next rpi-update
 </code> </code>
  
-==== overheating issues ==== +===== Overheating issues ===== 
-  * My first use of the pi4 was in 32°C environment temperature, without passive or active cooling. After some minutes, the pi4 was no longer reachable via SSH. +Table below: 
-  * I had directly ordered a set of passive coolers with the pi4, I placed these 4 on the chips, but things got not much better. +  * Raspbian, updates and firmware as of 2020-05-02 
-  * There is a firmware update (labelled 'alpha status'), which enables apparently ASPM and lowers temperature by 3-5°C. [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=243500&p=1490467#p1490467|Details are here]]+  * cpu temp: 'vcgencmd measure_temp' output 
 +  * cpu temp with load: 4x 'md5sum /dev/urandom' 
 + 
 +^cooling method                                                ^ambient air temp ^cpu temp idle ^cpu temp with load ^ 
 +|[[https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07VFYHCJZ|passive heat spreader]] |28°C             |52°C          |78°C               | 
 +|[[https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07VFYHCJZ|passive heat spreader]] |24°C             |47°C          |73°C               | 
 +|none                                                          |26°C             |47°C          |78°C               | 
 +|[[https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/B07X47L6DD/|Geekworm Raspberry pi 4]]|26°C |39°C         |45°C               |  
 + 
 +  * My first use of the pi4 was in 32°C environment temperature, without passive or active cooling. After some minutes, the pi4 was no longer reachable via SSH. Firmware updates improved the situation. 
 +  * [[https://www.martinrowan.co.uk/2019/06/raspberry-pi-4-hot-new-release-too-hot-to-use-enclosed/|hints]] 
 +  * [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/overclocking.md|boot option details]]
   * Underclocking could be an option:   * Underclocking could be an option:
 <code> <code>
Line 58: Line 150:
 # then reboot # then reboot
 </code> </code>
-  * [[https://www.martinrowan.co.uk/2019/06/raspberry-pi-4-hot-new-release-too-hot-to-use-enclosed/|hints]] 
-  * [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/overclocking.md|boot option details]] 
  
-==== benchmarking ==== +===== Using 2.9“ 296×128 ePaper Display Modue/SPI Interface ===== 
-  * microsd-cards [[https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2018/raspberry-pi-microsd-card-performance-comparison-2018|comparison 2019]] [[https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2019/raspberry-pi-microsd-card-performance-comparison-2019|comparison 2019]] +My initial issue: I did not get any output from the device. After recompiling the demo-app with DEBUG, I got this:
-  * https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/06/24/raspberry-pi-4-benchmarks-mini-review/ +
- +
-==== benchmark results ==== +
-^                        ^raspberry pi 4^Nintendo switch     ^Thinkpad L480 ^percentages^ +
-|ram                     |2GB           |4GB                 |8GB           |           | +
-|price                   |50€           |300€                |950€          |           | +
-|distro                  |raspbian      |Fedora 30           |Fedora 30     |           | +
-|kernel                  |4.19.58-v7l+  |4.9.109+ (L4T kernel)|5.2.5-200.fc30|          | +
-|cpu                     |ARM Cortex-A72|ARM Cortex-A57      |Intel i5-8250U|           | +
-|cpu frequency           |500-1500Mhz   |200-2000Mhz         |400-3400Mhz   |           | +
-|sbc memcopy             |2470.8 MB/s   |2503.6 MB/s         |7274.4 MB/s   |34/34/100  | +
-|sbc memset              |3330.4 MB/s   |3573.5 MB/s         |16014.3 MB/s  |21/22/100  | +
-|7-zip score             |5728          |6170                |11330         |51/54/100  | +
-|openssl aes-128-cbc 16b |62533k        |347783k             |776987k       |8/45/100   | +
-|openssl aes-128-cbc 16kb|85235k        |912414k             |1263839k      |7/72/100   | +
-|openssl aes-256-cbc 16kb|64918k        |642777k             |913708k       |7/70/100   | +
- +
-  * I used [[https://github.com/ThomasKaiser/sbc-bench|sbc-bench]], a nice benchmark for small boards, focusing on memory and cpu. sbc result details: [[http://ix.io/1RmS|raspi4]] [[http://ix.io/1Rnj|nintendo switch]] +
-  * percentages: this assumes the Thinkpad values as 100%, and computes the other values on base of that. +
-  * RAM size is not important for the tests which were performed, less than 2GB were used. +
-  * [[https://fluxcoil.net/project_ideas#raspi4nintendo_switch_benchmarking|Further benchmarking ideas]] +
-  * sbc execution: +
-<code> +
-wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ThomasKaiser/sbc-bench/master/sbc-bench.sh +
-sudo /bin/bash ./sbc-bench.sh -c +
-</code> +
- +
-==== benchmarking future ==== +
-  * power: need a usb-c power meter for that +
-    * then compute how much electrical power is required for certain operations. +
-  * GPU: +
-    * would be especially interesting to also compare various 3D driver implementations. For example, 3D benchmarks running on horizon (Nintendos OS) and also on Linux/switch. +
-    * It's hard to only measure the GPU. It's also a question of how good the 3D drivers are. +
-    * Benchmarks should include retro game emulation. Simply because it's a common use case for pi4 and switch/Linux. bsnes and snes9x? +
-      * free snes rom? +
-    * geekbench +
- +
-==== using 2.9“ 296×128 ePaper Display Modue/SPI Interface ==== +
-My initial problem, I did not get any output from the device. After recompiling the demo-app with DEBUG, I got this:+
 <code> <code>
 chris@raspberrypi:~/rpi/RaspberryPi/bcm2835 $ sudo ./epd  chris@raspberrypi:~/rpi/RaspberryPi/bcm2835 $ sudo ./epd 
Line 132: Line 183:
 </code> </code>
  
-==== further ==== +===== Sensors/addon list ===== 
-  * [[http://retroflag.com/|retroflag]] cases do not support raspi4 as of 2019-09+List of the hardware/sensors I got. 
 +  * Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply 5,1V / 3,0A, EU 
 +  * Micro HDMI Adaptercable D-Stecker -A-Buchse 15cm schwarz 
 +  * 4 teiliges Kühlkörper Set für Raspberry Pi 4, silber ([[https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07VFYHCJZ|amazon]]) 
 +  * Raspberry Pi 4 B, 2GB RAM 
 +  * HC-SR501 PIR Sensor -Infrarot Bewegungsmelder [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/hc-sr501-pir-sensor-infrarot-bewegungsmelder|link]] 
 +  * Feuchtigkeitssensor mit digitalem und analogem Ausgang [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/feuchtigkeitssensor-mit-digitalem-und-analogem-ausgang|link]] 
 +  * Lichtsensor mit digitalem Ausgang [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/lichtsensor-mit-digitalem-ausgang|link]] 
 +  * RFID Lesegerät mit SPI Schnittstelle inkl. Karte & Dongle ([[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/rfid-leseger-228-t-mit-spi-schnittstelle-inkl.-karte-dongle|link]]) 
 +  * PCF8591 AD/ DA Konverter Modul [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/pcf8591-ad/da-konverter-modul|link]] 
 +  * 2.9" 296×128 ePaper Display Modul mit SPI Interface, dreifarbig (rot, schwarz, weiß) [[https://www.berrybase.de/raspberry-pi-co/raspberry-pi/module-sensoren/2.9-296-215-128-epaper-display-modul-mit-spi-interface-dreifarbig-40-rot-schwarz-wei-223-4|link]] [[https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/2.9inch_e-Paper_Module|docs]] 
 + 
 +===== Configuring network over usb-c ===== 
 +<code> 
 +# https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=245810 
 +vi /boot/config.txt 
 +# add: dtoverlay=dwc2 
 +vi /boot/cmdline.txt 
 +# add: modules-load=dwc2,g_ether 
 +reboot 
 +ifconfig -a # should show interface usb0 
 +ip addr add 192.168.1.4/24 dev usb0 
 +ip link set up dev usb0 
 + 
 +# on the opposite system 
 +ip addr add 192.168.1.4/24 dev enp0s20f0u1i1 
 +ip link set up dev enp0s20f0u1i1 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +^                 ^latency: ICMP RTT^bandwidth                    ^ 
 +|usb-c network    |0.2-0.3ms        |down 140mbit/s / up 187mbit/s| 
 +|pi4 gbit ethernet|0.24-0.3ms       |down 764mbit/s / up 914mbit/s| 
 + 
 +  * latency, ICMP RTT: 0.2-0.3ms (gbit ethernet: 0.24-0.3ms) 
 +  * bandwidth: 16mbyte/sec down / 22mbyte/sec up (gbit ethernet: 90mbyte/sec down / 50mbyte/sec up) 
 + 
hardwarerelated/raspberry_pi_4.1568846610.txt · Last modified: 2019/09/19 00:43 by chris

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